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The question of the protection of Natura 2000 areas in the construction and operation of offshore wind turbines combines one of the most important problem areas of nature conservation law with the discussion about the use of wind energy at sea as a core element of the energy transition. In order to answer this question, the present dissertation elaborates the relevant regulations and examines their effects on the permits of offshore wind farms. Specifically, it will discuss, among other things, the legal issues involved in the licensing of offshore wind turbines, as well as the identification and classification of marine protected and protected Natura 2000 sites. Another focus of the work is the management of the nature conservation regulations for Natura 2000 sites, which can be traced back to Article 6 (3) of the Flora Fauna Habitat Directive, and the possibility of a derogation under Article 6 (4) of the Flora Fauna -Habitat Directive. In addition, the work addresses the question of how much the Habitat Protection Law is relevant to already granted permits for offshore wind turbines and how such obligations should be taken into account in national legislation. Die Frage nach dem Schutz von Natura-2000-Gebieten bei Errichtung und Betrieb von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen verknüpft eines der bedeutendsten Problemfelder des Naturschutzrechts mit der Diskussion um die Windenergienutzung zur See als Kernbaustein der Energiewende. Die vorliegende Dissertation arbeitet zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung die relevanten Regelungen heraus und untersucht deren Auswirkungen auf die Genehmigungen von Offshore-Windparks. Im Einzelnen erfolgt unter anderem eine Erörterung der mit der Genehmigung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen verbundenen Rechtsfragen sowie die Ermittlung und Einordnung der im Meeresbereich entstandenen und unter Schutz gestellten Natura-2000-Gebiete. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Handhabung des auf Art. 6 Abs. 3 der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie zurückzuführenden Schutzreglements für Natura-2000-Gebiete und die Prüfung der Möglichkeit einer Abweichungsentscheidung nach Art. 6 Abs. 4 der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie. Darüber hinaus wendet sich die Arbeit der Frage zu, inwieweit das Habitatschutzrecht auch für bereits erteilte Genehmigungen für Offshore-Windkraftanlagen von Bedeutung ist und wie entsprechende Pflichten im nationalen Recht zu berücksichtigen sind.

Natura 2000 --- wind park --- nature protection

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Biodiversity of Pantepui: The Pristine "Lost World" of the Neotropical Guiana Highlands provides the most updated and comprehensive knowledge on the biota, origin, and evolution of the Pantepui biogeographical province. It synthesizes historical information and recent discoveries, covering the main biogeographic patterns, evolutionary trends, and conservational efforts. Written by international experts on the biodiversity of this pristine land, this book explores what makes Pantepui a unique natural laboratory to study the origin and evolution of Neotropical biodiversity under the influence of only natural drivers. It discusses the organisms living in Pentepui, including algae, plants, several groups of invertebrates, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. The latter portion of the book delves into the effects of human activity and global warming on Pantepui, and current conservational efforts to combat these threats. Biodiversity of Pantepui is an important resource for researchers in ecology, biogeography, evolution, and conservation, who want to understand the biodiversity and natural history of this region, and how to help conserve and protect the Guiana Highlands from environmental and human damages.

Nature protection --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Biodiversity. --- Biodiversity

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The containment of pollution by physical defenses is the first step in restoring the ocean to its natural state. The first two chapters of Oil Spill Studies: Healing the Ocean, Biomarking and the Law describes the feedback on seven experiments made on the East Atlantic Ocean. The first chapter concerns semi-open sites while the second focuses on open environment directly linked to the ocean. The third chapter examines pollution from a French harbor marina and its effects on the local biodiversity. The book provides a methodology to quantify biological contamination coming from heavy metal releases into the environment. Chapter four provides the state-of-the-art in the science of a mid-depth-living fish species affected by the treatment of oil pollution by chemical dispersion. In a similar way, the fifth chapter addresses new explored and exploited ocean with extreme environments such as the Arctic and deep sea. The sixth and final chapter provides a lawyer's analysis on the subject.

Nature protection --- Hydrobiology --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Oil spills. --- Oil pollution of the sea.

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This book introduces an innovative approach to sustainable and regenerative mountain development. Transdisciplinary to biophysical and biocultural scales, it provides answers to the "what, when, how, why, and where" that researchers question on mountains, including the most challenging: So What! Forwarding thinking in its treatment of core subjects, this decolonial, non-hegemonic volume inaugurates the Series with contributions of seasoned montologists, and invites the reader to an engaging excursion to ascend the rugged topography of paradigms, with the scaffolding hike of ambitious curiosity typical of mountain explorers. Chapter 8 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Nature protection --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- landschapsecologie --- geologie --- klimaatverandering --- Mountain ecology.

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"This is a book every game designer, publisher, and player needs to read. From calculating the footprint of shipping disks to itemizing every toxic metal inside a game console, Abraham paints a detailed portrait of the many ways in which creating and playing games is harmful to our global environment. You will never play a videogame the same way again." - Eric Zimmerman, Game designer & Arts Professor, NYU Game Center. "Abraham provides a sweeping and revealing examination of the material realities underpinning both the production and consumption of digital games. Digital Games After Climate Change is important, engaging, and unlike anything else being written about digital games. This is urgently required reading for anyone with an interest in digital games and saving the planet." - Brendan Keogh, Chief Investigator, Digital Media Research Centre (QUT) & President, Digital Games Research Association of Australia. This book presents the first sustained analysis of the digital game industry's carbon footprint and its role in exacerbating global climate change. Identifying the ways videogames can actually help combat the climate crisis, it argues for the urgency of transitioning to a fully carbon neutral games industry, exploring the challenges and opportunities inherent in this undertaking. Beginning with an analysis of debates around the persuasive power of games, the book argues that real impact can only be achieved by focusing on the material conditions of game production - by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from making, selling, and playing games, as well as the hardware used to play them. Abraham makes a compelling argument that a sustainable games industry is possible, and outlines the actions that everyone can take to reduce the harms that digital games cause to people and planet. Benjamin J. Abraham has spent the past decade researching digital media and videogames sustainability. He was previously a lecturer in digital and social media at the University of Technology Sydney, an affiliate of the Climate Justice Research Centre, and has recently moved on from academia.

Nature protection --- Mass communications --- sociale media --- natuurbescherming --- Canvis climàtics --- Videojocs --- Climatic changes. --- Aspectes ambientals